Cymbopogon nardus essential oil: a comprehensive review on its chemistry and bioactivity

Increasing knowledge about the various properties exhibited by essential oils led to a sharp expansion in their production and utilization. Citronella essential oil is one of the commercially important essential oil having multiple applications in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Its essential oil is highly valued in the National and International markets. It is extracted from perennial grass citronella (Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle) belonging to the family Poaceae. This review aims to coherently discuss and compare various factors significantly affecting the chemical composition of essential oil. Citronellal, citronellol and geraniol are major constituents of C. nardus essential oil. The review also discusses the important biological properties exhibited by citronella essential oil along with the toxicological and safety aspects of citronella essential oil. This information will offer a new perspective for the further utilization of essential oil in various fields.