Nanostructured Lateral Boryl Substitution Conjugated Donor-Acceptor Oligomers for Visible-Light-Driven Hydrogen Production

Poor charge separation is the main factor that limits the photocatalytic hydrogen generation efficiency of organic conjugated polymers. In this work, a series of linear donor-acceptor (D-A) type oligomers are synthesized by a palladium-catalyzed Sonogashira-Hagihara coupling of electron-deficient diborane unit and different dihalide substitution sulfur functionalized monomers. Such diborane-based A unit exerts great impact on the resulting oligomers, including distinct semiconductor characters with isolated lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) orbits locating in diborane-containing fragment, and elevated LUMO level higher than water reduction potential. Relative to A-A type counterpart, the enhanced dipole polarization effect in D-A oligomers facilitates separation of photogenerated charge carriers, as evidenced by notably prolonged electron lifetime. Owing to pi-pi stacking of rigid backbone, the oligomers can aggregate into an interesting 2D semicrystalline nanosheet (approximate to 2.74 nm), which is rarely reported in linear polymeric photocatalysts prepared by similar carbon-carbon coupling reaction. Despite low surface area (30.3 m(2) g(-1)), such ultrathin nanosheet D-A oligomer offers outstanding visible light (lambda > 420 nm) hydrogen evolution rate of 833 mu mol g(-1) h(-1), 14 times greater than its A-A analogue (61 mu mol g(-1) h(-1)). The study highlights the great potential of using boron element to construct D-A type oligomers for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen generation.