Large-scale integration of distributed generation into distribution networks: Study objectives, review of models and computational tools

In terms of the improvement of reliability and efficiency, integration of distributed generation (DG) into distribution network has gained significant interest in recent years. However, existing distribution systems were not designed considering large-scale penetration of DG. Due to the increasing penetration of DG, several technical challenges may arise which include voltage control, power quality and protection issues, etc. Therefore, additional components need to be modelled together with conventional distribution system components in order to study the impact of DG on the distribution system. The first objective of this paper is to review the required models of system components, the impacts of DG on system operation, mitigation of challenges, associated standards and regulations for the successful operation of distribution systems. A number of commercial and open source tools are available for modelling and analysis of distribution systems. An ideal computational tool should include necessary functionalities to study the impacts of increased DG penetration as well as various options to overcome possible operational problems. Based on the first objective, the second objective is to make a summary of characteristics and features that an ideal computational tool should have to study increased DG penetration. A comparison study of two commonly used computational tools is also carried out in this paper.