Cyclic Slip Irreversibilities and the Evolution of Fatigue Damage

被引:172
作者
Mughrabi, Hael [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Dept Werkstoffwissensch, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
来源
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE | 2009年 / 40卷 / 04期
关键词
COPPER SINGLE-CRYSTALS; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; AUSTENITIC STAINLESS-STEEL; LOW-AMPLITUDE FATIGUE; CRACK INITIATION; ALPHA-IRON; SURFACE-RELIEF; MICROSTRUCTURAL CHANGES; DISLOCATION-STRUCTURES; STRAIN LOCALIZATION;
D O I
10.1007/s11663-009-9240-4
中图分类号
T [工业技术];
学科分类号
08 ;
摘要
In this article, the physical origin of fatigue crack initiation in ductile metals is discussed from a historical perspective. The main focus is to assess those cyclic slip irreversibilities in a microstructural sense that occur not only at the surface but also in the bulk at the dislocation scale and to show how they contribute to surface fatigue damage. The evolution of early fatigue damage, as evidenced experimentally in the last decades, is reviewed. The phenomenon of cyclic strain localization in persistent slip bands (PSBs) and models of the formation of extrusions, intrusions, and microcracks are discussed in detail. The predictions of these models are compared with experimental evidence obtained on mono- and polycrystalline face-centered-cubic (fcc) metals. In addition, examples of the evolution of fatigue damage in selected fcc solid solution alloys and precipitation-hardened alloys and in body-centered-cubic (bcc) metals are analyzed. Where possible, the cyclic slip irreversibilities p, defined as the fraction of plastic shear strain that is microstructurally irreversible, have been estimated quantitatively. Broadly speaking, p has been found to vary over orders of magnitude (0 < p < 1), being almost negligible at low loading amplitudes (high fatigue lives) and substantial at larger loading amplitudes (low fatigue lives).
引用
收藏
页码:431 / 453
页数:23
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