Can snail herbivory influence the outcome of competition between Elodea species?

Elodea nuttallii is more competitive than Elodea canadensis but is also more palatable to herbivores. We tested if grazing by generalist invertebrate herbivores could modify the competitive abilities of E. nuttallii, and thereby influence the outcome of the competition between the two Elodea species. The influence of snail herbivory on the competitive interactions between the two Elodea species cultivated together in indoor tanks was tested for 2 months. The presence of Lymnaea stagnalis in the tanks reduced significantly the final number of rootings, as well as the final biomass of E. nuttallii. but not the surface colonised by this species, whereas only the final number of rootings of E. calladensis was reduced. However. E. nuttalli remained the dominant species. We conclude that snail herbivory can influence the outcome of competition between Elodea species. However. snails are probably not an effective biological control agent of E. nuttallii. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.