Structural Design for Efficient Perovskite Solar Modules

The fabrication of large area perovskite solar modules (PSMs) is attracting increasing attention. Traditionally, thin film solar modules are prepared by laser-engraving several isolated lines to create a series of subcells. This process inevitably leads to an increase in series resistance when combining the subcells. Herein, a facile structure combining series and parallel cell connections is designed and developed for constructing PSMs. A champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.82% is achieved for perovskite composite modules with a designated area of 21.06 cm(2). Furthermore, the PSMs can continue to operate even when parts of the device are shaded or broken. Because of the repeated structural arrangement, these modules may be suitable for fabrication on a broader scale for commercial applications.