The correlation of pro- and anti-inflammatory markers with glycaemic indices in healthy participants and in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Objectives: To investigate the association of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and adiponectin with glycaemic indices in healthy, prediabetes and diabetes patients. Method: The prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2018 to February 2019 at the National Diabetes Centre and the Al-Kindi Specialised Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Baghdad, Iraq, and comprised adult subjects of either gender who were normoglycaemic, those with impaired fasting blood glucose and glycated haemoglobin levels and newly-diagnosed patients of type 2 diabetes. Anthropometric measurements biochemical investigations were done for each subject. Data was analysed using SPSS 25. Results: Of the 80 subjects, 20(25%) were in the normoglycaemia group with a mean age of 48.8 +/- 11.9 years; 9(45%) males and 11(55%) females. Another 20(25%) were in the prediabetes group with a mean age of 52.0 +/- 5.7 years; 9(45%) males and 11(55%) females. Besides, there were 40(50%) diabetes patients with a mean age of 50.6 +/- 6.9 years; 18(45%) males and 22(55%) females (p>0.05). Adiponectin concentration was significantly lower and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein was significantly higher in the patient group compared to the other two groups (p<0.001). There was a significantly negative correlation of adiponectin concentration and significantly positive correlation of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein with fasting blood sugar and glycated haemoglobin (p<0.001). Conclusions: Poor glycaemic control was associated with higher pro-inflammatory and lower anti-inflammatory markers.