Complex double-binary-offset-carrier modulation for a unitary characterisation of Galileo and GPS signals

The authors introduce a new class of modulation, the complex double-binary-offset-carrier (CDBOC) modulation class, which covers most of the modulation types proposed so far for Galileo and GPS signals, namely the binary and quaternary phase shift keying, sine BOC, cosine BOC and alternate BOC modulations. At the same time, the CDBOC class provides a more general framework, with the potential for new applications of wide-band code division multiple access systems and/or future satellite navigation systems. The theoretical derivations of the power spectral density and the auto-correlation function of the CDBOC-modulated signals are introduced, and the theoretical analysis is compared with the results obtained via simulations. The advantage of our method in the context of Galileo and GPS signals is its simplicity and the fact that it provides unified analytical formulas for most of the existent GPS/Galileo signals.