[1] Dongbei Univ Finance & Econ, Sch Tourism & Hospitality Management, Surrey Int Inst, Dalian, Peoples R China
[2] Univ Nevada, William F Harrah Coll Hospitality, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA
[3] Univ Surrey, Sch Hospitality & Tourism Management, Fac Arts & Social Sci, Guildford, Surrey, England