Strong thermal acclimation of photosynthesis in tropical and temperate wet-forest tree species: the importance of altered Rubisco content

Understanding of the extent of acclimation of light-saturated net photosynthesis (A(n)) to temperature (T), and associated underlying mechanisms, remains limited. This is a key knowledge gap given the importance of thermal acclimation for plant functioning, both under current and future higher temperatures, limiting the accuracy and realism of Earth system model (ESM) predictions. Given this, we analysed and modelled T-dependent changes in photosynthetic capacity in 10 wet-forest tree species: six from temperate forests and four from tropical forests. Temperate and tropical species were each acclimated to three daytime growth temperatures (T-growth): temperate -15, 20 and 25 degrees C; tropical -25, 30 and 35 degrees C. CO2 response curves of An were used to model maximal rates of RuBP (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate) carboxylation (V-cmax) and electron transport (J(max)) at each treatment's respective T-growth and at a common measurement T (25 degrees C). SDS-PAGE gels were used to determine abundance of the CO2-fixing enzyme, Rubisco. Leaf chlorophyll, nitrogen (N) and mass per unit leaf area (LMA) were also determined. For all species and T-growth, An at current atmospheric CO2 partial pressure was Rubisco-limited. Across all species, LMA decreased with increasing T-growth. Similarly, area-based rates of Vcmax at a measurement T of 25 degrees C (V-cmax(25)) linearly declined with increasing T-growth, linked to a concomitant decline in total leaf protein per unit leaf area and Rubisco as a percentage of leaf N. The decline in Rubisco constrained Vcmax and An for leaves developed at higher T-growth and resulted in poor predictions of photosynthesis by currently widely used models that do not account for T-growth-mediated changes in Rubisco abundance that underpin the thermal acclimation response of photosynthesis in wet-forest tree species. A new model is proposed that accounts for the effect of T-growth-mediated declines in V-cmax(25) on An, complementing current photosynthetic thermal acclimation models that do not account for T sensitivity of V-cmax(25).