Soil structure and stability in the spermosphere of myxosdiaspore chia (Salvia hispanica L.)

Mucilage produced by myxodiaspores has been mainly studied for its role in seed ecology. This work investigates changes due to mucilage in soil structure and stability in the spermosphere of the myxodiaspore crop chia (Salvia hispanica L.). In sandy-loam (S) repacked soil sown with chia and subjected to wetting-drying (DW), Computer Assisted X-ray micro tomography showed that extrusion of a mucilage capsule formed a pore of volume twice that of the seed, surrounded by a shell of particles with higher porosity and lower pore size than the bulk soil. In three soils (S; loam, L; and clay-loam, C) the aggregate stability index to wet sieving (Stw) decreased with one and two DW cycles. Application of 2% w/w mucilage increased Stw before and after DW, from 29% in C to more than 60-fold in S. Mucilage-amended samples after DW had higher or equal Stw compared with unamended soil before DW. Soil retained at the surface of hydrated diaspores exposed to water flow changed with soil texture (11.3, 90.5 and 91.7mg on each hydrated seed for S, L and C respectively) and chia genotype (6.7, 9.9 and 12.8mg per hydrated seed in BC and G8 long-day flowering mutants and commercial Black chia respectively). Our results showed that myxodiaspores affected soil structure by providing a microenvironment of altered porosity and high stability around the mucilage capsule extruded by the hydrated seed. This finding characterises a transient but crucial time of crop production around sowing when physical properties of soil surrounding seeds are relevant to stability, germination and plant-microorganism relations.