HIV-associated tumors

In the beginning of the HIV epidemic, Kaposi sarcoma was a common stigma in AIDS patients and one of the leading causes of death. While Kaposi sarcoma is seen less frequently since the introduction of antiretroviral therapy, lymphoma and other malignancies are an increasing therapeutic challenge. The incidence of HPV-related anal carcinoma and its precursor lesions is rising so dramatically that screening programs as they are already established for cervical carcinoma should be implemented. The role of HPV in UV-associated tumors is not yet determined. Additional risk factors like smoking and HCV co-infection seem to play important roles in the high incidence of lung and hepatocellular carcinomas. While fewer patients die from opportunistic infections, we face a growing problem with malignancies in HIV-positive patients. © 2006 Springer Medizin Verlag.