Protective effect of thymoquinone against lung intoxication induced by malathion inhalation

Malathion is considered one of the vastest pesticides use all over the world. Malathion-inhalation toxicity commonly occurred in many occupational farmers. Therefore, this study aimed to ameliorate the possible malathion-induced pulmonary toxicity through thymoquinone administration. Forty animals were used to conduct our study, divided into five groups; G1 control group, G2 thymoquinone (50 mg/kg) group, G3 malathion group (animals inhaled 100 mg/ml/m(3) for 15 min for 5 days/week for three weeks), G4 and G5 were subjected to the same malathion inhalation protocol beside oral thymoquinone administration at doses of 25 and 50 (mg/kg), respectively. Malathion-inhalation induced marked systemic toxicity as hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity associated with increased serum hepatic and renal enzymes, and hypersensitivity accompanied with increased total IgE serum level. The lung showed severe interstitial pneumonia associated with severe vascular damage and marked eosinophil infiltration. Moreover, the lung showed a marked decrease in the pulmonary surfactant protein, especially SP-D gene expression. While, thymoquinone treatment to malathion-inhaled animals decremented the following; hepatic enzymes and renal function tests, total IgE as well as pneumonia and hypersensitivity pathological features, and augmented the expression of SP-D. In conclusion, thymoquinone could be potentially used in pest control workers to ameliorate the systemic and pulmonary intoxication caused by one of the most field-used pesticides.