Cardiovascular morbidity, quality of life, and cost of care among diabetic patients: A comparative study from a Tertiary Care Hospital of Uttarakhand, India

Objectives: Diabetes is commonly observed to be associated with several comorbidities, out of which cardiovascular comorbidities are most frequently observed. The present study has been done to estimate the proportion of cardiovascular comorbidities among patients of diabetes and to compare it with that of matched nondiabetics. It also aimed to compare the quality of life (QOL) scores and the cost of treatment between diabetics and nondiabetics with cardiovascular comorbidities. Methodology: A hospital-based comparative analytical study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital of Uttarakhand, India. One hundred and ninety-five diabetic were compared with an equal number of age- and gender-matched nondiabetics. We compared the two groups for the presence of comorbidities by Chi-square test and for QOL and cost of care by independent t-test. Regression was done to study factors associated with direct cost incurred for treatment among diabetics with cardiovascular comorbidity. Results: The present study reported about four-time higher risk (odds ratio: 3.9; confidence interval: 2.5-6.1) of comorbidities of cardiovascular system (CVS) among diabetics as compared to nondiabetics. QOL scores were reported to be significantly lower among diabetics with comorbidities of CVS in comparison to nondiabetics. Significant predictors of direct cost among diabetics were religion, marital status, income, and use of alcohol. Conclusion: Cardiovascular comorbidities have been reported to be four times higher among diabetics in comparison to nondiabetics, leading to an adverse effect on QOL and increased expenditure on treatment.