Safety and Feasibility of Robotic Transaxillary Thyroidectomy for Graves' Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Background Despite the increase in experience and understanding of robotic thyroidectomy, its application for Graves' disease (GD) remains controversial. This study aimed to assess the safety and feasibility of robotic transaxillary thyroidectomy (RTT) for GD in comparison with the conventional open thyroidectomy (open group: OG) approach. Methods A total of 192 patients who underwent surgical resection for GD were retrospectively reviewed. Among them, 51 patients underwent RTT and the remaining 141 patients were in the conventional OG. Results All robotic operations were performed successfully without open conversion. Patients who underwent RTT were significantly younger (P < 0.001) and predominantly of the female sex. Operative time was longer for RTT than for the OG (182.5 +/- 58.1 vs. 112.0 +/- 29.5; P < 0.001). The mean intraoperative blood loss was not statistically different between RTT and the OG (113.3 +/- 161.6 vs. 95.3 +/- 209.1, P = 0.223). The mean weight of the resected thyroid was reduced in those who underwent RTT compared with open thyroidectomy (P = 0.033). The overall complication rate for RTT and open thyroidectomy was not significantly different (33.3% vs. 22.7%, P = 0.135). In RTT, the most common complication was transient hypocalcemia (21%). Permanent hypocalcemia and recurrent laryngeal nerve injury occurred in only one patient in each group. The weight of the resected thyroid was not related to the incidence of complications in patients receiving RTT. Conclusions Considering excellent cosmesis, findings of this study support the safety and feasibility of RTT. Nevertheless, it should be performed by expert surgeons with extensive robotic surgery experience.