Assessment and Treatment of Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents

被引:19
作者
Connolly, Sucheta D. [1 ]
Suarez, Liza [1 ]
Sylvester, Carrie [2 ]
机构
[1] Univ Illinois, Med Ctr Chicago, Dept Psychiat, Inst Juvenile Res, Chicago, IL 60608 USA
[2] Sound Mental Hlth, Seattle, WA 98112 USA
关键词
Childhood anxiety disorders; Screening; Assessment; CBT; Psychopharmacology; COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL THERAPY; SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; SELECTIVE MUTISM; SOCIAL PHOBIA; PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES; IMIPRAMINE TREATMENT; ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE; ADVERSE EVENTS; PRIMARY-CARE;
D O I
10.1007/s11920-010-0173-z
中图分类号
R749 [精神病学];
学科分类号
100205 ;
摘要
This article reviews the current screening and assessment tools for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents, as well as evidence-based treatment interventions for these disorders. The following anxiety disorders are discussed: separation anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, specific phobia, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder (social phobia), and selective mutism. There are several well-studied screening and assessment tools to identify childhood anxiety disorders early and differentiate the various anxiety disorders. Evaluations of baseline somatic symptoms, severity, and impairment ratings of the anxiety disorders, and collecting ratings from several sources is clinically helpful in assessment and treatment follow-up. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has been extensively studied and has shown good efficacy in treatment of childhood anxiety disorders. A combination of CBT and medication may be required for moderate to severely impairing anxiety disorders and may improve functioning better than either intervention alone. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are currently the only medications that have consistently shown efficacy in treatment of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. Despite proven efficacy, the availability of CBT in the community is limited. Current research is focusing on early identification of anxiety disorders in community settings, increasing the availability of evidence-based interventions, and modification of interventions for specific populations.
引用
收藏
页码:99 / 110
页数:12
相关论文
共 89 条
[61]   The development of anxiety disorders in childhood: an integrative review [J].
Murray, L. ;
Creswell, C. ;
Cooper, P. J. .
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE, 2009, 39 (09) :1413-1423
[62]   RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF THE REVISED FEAR SURVEY SCHEDULE FOR CHILDREN (FSSC-R) [J].
OLLENDICK, TH .
BEHAVIOUR RESEARCH AND THERAPY, 1983, 21 (06) :685-692
[63]   Treating children and adolescents with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: How long is appropriate? [J].
Pine, DS .
JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY, 2002, 12 (03) :189-203
[64]   The pharmacological management of childhood anxiety disorders: a review [J].
Reinblatt, Shauna P. ;
Riddle, Mark A. .
PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY, 2007, 191 (01) :67-86
[65]   Use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for the treatment of childhood panic disorder: A pilot study [J].
Renaud, J ;
Birmaher, B ;
Wassick, SC ;
Bridge, J .
JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY, 1999, 9 (02) :73-83
[66]   Cognitive enhancers as adjuncts to psychotherapy - Use of D-cycloserine in phobic individuals to facilitate extinction of fear [J].
Ressler, KJ ;
Rothbaum, BO ;
Tannenbaum, L ;
Anderson, P ;
Graap, K ;
Zimand, E ;
Hodges, L ;
Davis, M .
ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY, 2004, 61 (11) :1136-1144
[67]   The Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale (PARS): Development and psychometric properties [J].
Riddle, MA ;
Ginsburg, GS ;
Walkup, JT ;
Labelarte, MJ ;
Pine, DS ;
Davies, M ;
Greenhill, L ;
Sweeney, M ;
Klein, R ;
Abikoff, H ;
Hack, S ;
Klee, B ;
Bergman, L ;
March, J ;
Compton, S ;
Robinson, J ;
O'Hara, T ;
Baker, S ;
Ritz, L ;
Roper, M .
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY, 2002, 41 (09) :1061-1069
[68]   Placebo-controlled trial of sertraline in the treatment of children with generalized anxiety disorder [J].
Rynn, MA ;
Siqueland, L ;
Rickels, K .
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY, 2001, 158 (12) :2008-2014
[69]   Efficacy and safety of extended-release venlafaxine in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in children and adolescents: Two placebo-controlled trials [J].
Rynn, Moira A. ;
Riddle, Mark A. ;
Yeung, Paul P. ;
Kunz, Nadia R. .
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY, 2007, 164 (02) :290-300
[70]   Treatment-emergent adverse events from selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors by age group: Children versus adolescents [J].
Safer, DJ ;
Zito, JM .
JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY, 2006, 16 (1-2) :159-169