Relationship Between Clinical Scapular Assessment and Scapula Resting Position, Shoulder Strength, and Baseball Pitching Kinematics and Kinetics

被引:10
|
作者
Bullock, Garrett S. [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Strahm, Jeff [1 ,4 ]
Hulburt, Tessa C. [1 ]
Beck, Edward C. [1 ]
Waterman, Brian R. [1 ]
Nicholson, Kristen F. [1 ]
机构
[1] Wake Forest Sch Med, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Winston Salem, NC 27101 USA
[2] Univ Oxford, Ctr Sport Exercise & Osteoarthrit Res Versus Arth, Oxford, England
[3] Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Orthopaed Rheumatol & Musculoskelet, B4495, Oxford OX3 7LD, England
[4] Wake Forest Univ, Dept Athlet, Winston Salem, NC 27101 USA
关键词
baseball; scapular internal rotation; anterior tilt; shoulder rotation velocity; HIGH-SCHOOL BASEBALL; PART; INJURIES; PITCHERS; PLAYERS; MOTION; RANGE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DYSFUNCTION; ROTATION;
D O I
10.1177/2325967121991146
中图分类号
R826.8 [整形外科学]; R782.2 [口腔颌面部整形外科学]; R726.2 [小儿整形外科学]; R62 [整形外科学(修复外科学)];
学科分类号
摘要
Background: Scapular assessment is important in examining overhead athletes, but there is inconsistency in scapular clinical assessment and its relation to pathology. Purpose: To determine the relationship between clinical scapular assessment and biomechanical scapula resting position, shoulder strength, and pitching shoulder kinematics and kinetics. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Two clinicians performed scapular assessments and graded the scapula as presence or absence of scapular dyskinesis. Shoulder external rotation (ER) and internal rotation (IR) strength were collected. The 3-dimensional biomechanics of the scapula resting position (upward/downward rotation, IR/ER, and anterior/posterior tilt) were assessed while participants stood at rest, and pitching kinematics (maximum shoulder ER, shoulder abduction, shoulder horizontal abduction, shoulder rotation velocity) and kinetics (maximum shoulder distraction force) were assessed when participants pitched off the portable pitching mound that was engineered to meet major league specifications. Results: A total of 33 high school baseball pitchers (age, 16.3 +/- 1.2 years; height, 184.0 +/- 6.9 cm; weight, 76.8 +/- 20.8 kg; hand dominance: left, 9 [27%]; right, 24 [73%]; pitch velocity, 34.7 +/- 2.3 m/s) participated in this study. Of them, 15 participants had scapular dyskinesis, and 18 had normal scapulothoracic rhythm. No differences were observed for upward/downward rotation or anterior/posterior tilt, shoulder ER, shoulder abduction, or shoulder distraction force, based on the presence of scapular dyskinesis. Pitchers with scapular dyskinesis demonstrated significantly greater scapular resting IR position (effect size [ES], 0.80; 95% CI, 0.06 to 1.54; P = .020), greater nondominant shoulder ER to IR strength ratio (ES, 0.49; 95% CI, -0.02 to 1.00; P = .018), and decreased shoulder rotation velocity (ES, 14.66; 95% CI: 12.06 to 17.25; P = .016). Pitchers with greater anterior tilt demonstrated greater shoulder rotation velocity (r = -0.48; P = .006). Conclusion: Pitchers with scapular dyskinesis had greater scapular IR, greater nondominant shoulder ER to IR strength ratio, and reduced shoulder rotation velocity.
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页数:9
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