Electron spectroscopy study of the initial stages of iron phthalocyanine growth on highly oriented pyrolitic graphite

The nature of the intermolecular and substrate bonds of iron phthalocyanine adsorbed on highly oriented pyrolitic graphite has been investigated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption spectroscopy. We find that the molecules grow in a highly ordered fashion with the molecules essentially plane-parallel to the surface in both the mono- and multilayers. The spectra obtained on both types of film are virtually identical, which shows that the bonds both between the adsorbate and substrate and between the molecular layers have a pure van der Waals nature. Supporting density functional theory results indicate that the layers are stabilized by weak hydrogen bonds within the molecular layers. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3259699]