Initial Characterization of Active Transitioning Centaur, P/2019 LD2 (ATLAS), Using Hubble, Spitzer, ZTF, Keck, Apache Point Observatory, and GROWTH Visible and Infrared Imaging and Spectroscopy

被引：16

作者：

Bolin, Bryce T. ^{[1
,2
]}

Fernandez, Yanga R. ^{[3
]}

Lisse, Carey M. ^{[4
]}

Holt, Timothy R. ^{[5
,6
]}

Lin, Zhong-Yi ^{[7
]}

Purdum, Josiah N. ^{[8
]}

Deshmukh, Kunal P. ^{[9
]}

Bauer, James M. ^{[10
]}

Bellm, Eric C. ^{[11
]}

Bodewits, Dennis ^{[12
]}

Burdge, Kevin B. ^{[1
]}

Carey, Sean J. ^{[2
]}

Copperwheat, Chris M. ^{[13
]}

Helou, George ^{[2
]}

Ho, Anna Y. Q. ^{[1
]}

Horner, Jonathan ^{[5
]}

van Roestel, Jan ^{[1
]}

Bhalerao, Varun ^{[14
]}

Chang, Chan-Kao ^{[7
]}

Chen, Christine ^{[15
,16
]}

Hsu, Chen-Yen ^{[7
]}

Ip, Wing-Huen ^{[7
]}

Kasliwal, Mansi M. ^{[1
]}

Masci, Frank J. ^{[2
]}

Ngeow, Chow-Choong ^{[7
]}

Quimby, Robert ^{[8
,17
]}

Burruss, Rick ^{[18
]}

Coughlin, Michael ^{[19
]}

Dekany, Richard ^{[18
]}

Delacroix, Alexandre ^{[18
]}

Drake, Andrew ^{[1
]}

Duev, Dmitry A. ^{[1
]}

Graham, Matthew ^{[1
]}

Hale, David ^{[18
]}

Kupfer, Thomas ^{[20
]}

Laher, Russ R. ^{[2
]}

Mahabal, Ashish ^{[1
,21
]}

Mroz, Przemyslaw J. ^{[1
]}

Neill, James D. ^{[1
]}

Riddle, Reed ^{[19
]}

Rodriguez, Hector ^{[19
]}

Smith, Roger M. ^{[19
]}

Soumagnac, Maayane T. ^{[22
,23
]}

Walters, Richard ^{[1
]}

Yan, Lin ^{[18
]}

Zolkower, Jeffry ^{[18
]}

机构：

[1] CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA

[2] CALTECH, IPAC, Mail Code 100-22,1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA

[3] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA

[4] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA

[5] Univ Southern Queensland, Ctr Astrophys, West St, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia

[6] Southwest Res Inst, Dept Space Studies, Boulder, CO 80302 USA

[7] Natl Cent Univ, Grad Inst Astron, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan

[8] San Diego State Univ, Dept Astron, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA

[9] Indian Inst Technol, Dept Met Engn & Mat Sci, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India

[10] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA

[11] Univ Washington, DIRAC Inst, Dept Astron, 3910 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

[12] Auburn Univ, Leach Sci Ctr, Phys Dept, Auburn, AL 36832 USA

[13] Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, Merseyside, England

[14] Indian Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India

[15] Space Telescope Sci Inst STScI, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA

[16] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 3701 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA

[17] Univ Tokyo, Univ Tokyo Inst Adv Study, Kavli Inst Phys & Math Universe WPI, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan

[18] CALTECH, Caltech Opt Observ, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA

[19] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA

[20] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Kavli Inst Theoret Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA

[21] CALTECH, Ctr Data Driven Discovery, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA

[22] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA

[23] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys & Astrophys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel

来源：

ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL | 2021年 / 161卷 / 03期

基金：

美国国家科学基金会; 英国科学技术设施理事会;

关键词：

D O I：

10.3847/1538-3881/abd94b

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

We present visible and mid-infrared imagery and photometry of temporary Jovian co-orbital comet P/2019 LD2 taken with Hubble Space Telescope/Wide Field Camera 3 (HST/WFC3), Spitzer Space Telescope/Infrared Array Camera (Spitzer/IRAC), and the GROWTH telescope network, visible spectroscopy from Keck/Low-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (LRIS), and archival Zwicky Transient Facility observations taken between 2019 April and 2020 August. Our observations indicate that the nucleus of LD2 has a radius between 0.2 and 1.8 km assuming a 0.08 albedo and a coma dominated by similar to 100 mu m-scale dust ejected at similar to 1 m s(-1) speeds with a similar to 1 ' jet pointing in the southwest direction. LD2 experienced a total dust mass loss of similar to 10(8) kg at a loss rate of similar to 6 kg s(-1) with Af rho/cross section varying between similar to 85 cm/125 km(2) and similar to 200 cm/310 km(2) from 2019 April 9 to 2019 November 8. If the increase in Af rho/cross section remained constant, it implies LD2's activity began similar to 2018 November when within 4.8 au of the Sun, implying the onset of H2O sublimation. We measure CO/CO2 gas production of less than or similar to 10(27) mol s(-1)/less than or similar to 10(26) mol s(-1) from our 4.5 mu m Spitzer observations; g-r = 0.59 0.03, r-i = 0.18 0.05, and i-z = 0.01 0.07 from GROWTH observations; and H2O gas production of less than or similar to 80 kg s(-1) scaling from our estimated C-2 production of Q(C2) less than or similar to 7.5 x 10(24) mol s(-1) from Keck/LRIS spectroscopy. We determine that the long-term orbit of LD2 is similar to Jupiter-family comets having close encounters with Jupiter within similar to 0.5 Hill radius in the last similar to 3 y and within 0.8 Hill radius in similar to 9 y. Additionally, 78.8% of our orbital clones are ejected from the solar system within 1 x 10(6) yr, having a dynamical half-life of 3.4 x 10(5) yr.

引用

页数：15

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