Electrochemistry of membrane proteins and protein-lipid assemblies

The electrochemistry of membrane proteins allows us to examine the association of proteins with membranes and low-molecular ligands, such as drugs, toxins and others. In addition, electrochemical methods are applicable for the quantification of transport phenomena, for monitoring the change in the structure of the protein, and determining its catalytic activity if the protein is an enzyme. In addition to approaches based on the concept of protein film voltammetry, methods based on the direct redox transformations or electrocatalytic reactions of the amino acid residues in the protein structure could be used. The above areas of interest fall under basic research, which is the main subject of this paper. However, the utilization of new immobilization strategies for proteins and the application of redox active polymers is an important part of the development of new biosensors and the construction of devices employing the principles of bioelectrocatalysis.