Estimating Maximum Penetration Level of Renewable Energy Based on Frequency Stability Constrains in Power Grid

Renewable energy such as wind power and photovoltaic have bring challenges to frequency stability of power system due to the inertia-less characteristics and its maximum power point tracking operation. Estimating maximum penetration level of renewable energy is essential to the stable operation of the power grid. A comprehensive frequency response model is established in this paper to obtain the system frequency response with different renewable energy penetration level, which includes synchronous generators and renewable energy generators. In this model, inertia constant and damping constant of the system are calculated from the data after a power disturbance, governor system parameters of different synchronous generators are aggregated respectively. The model has been validated with a power system model. Based on the comprehensive model, a method is proposed to estimate the maximum penetration level of renewable energy considering the frequency stability constraints. A comprehensive model for a provincial power grid is established with Matlab/Simulink to obtain its maximum penetration level of renewable energy.