Preparation of Liquid-exfoliated Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Nanosheets with Controlled Size and Thickness: A State of the Art Protocol

被引:37
作者
Backes, Claudia [1 ]
Hanlon, Damien [2 ,3 ]
Szydlowska, Beata M. [2 ,3 ]
Harvey, Andrew [2 ,3 ]
Smith, Ronan J. [2 ,3 ]
Higgins, Thomas M. [1 ]
Coleman, Jonathan N. [2 ,3 ]
机构
[1] Heidelberg Univ, Chair Appl Phys Chem, Heidelberg, Germany
[2] Trinity Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin, Ireland
[3] Trinity Coll Dublin, CRANN, Dublin, Ireland
来源
JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS | 2016年 / 118期
关键词
Engineering; Issue; 118; layered materials; transition metal dichalcogenides; liquid exfoliation; size selection; centrifugation; optical properties; confinement; edge effects; IN-SITU MEASUREMENT; FEW-LAYER GRAPHENE; 2-DIMENSIONAL MATERIALS; SCALABLE PRODUCTION; CENTRIFUGATION; CRYSTALS;
D O I
10.3791/54806
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
We summarize recent advances in the production of liquid-exfoliated transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) nanosheets with controlled size and thickness. Layered crystals of molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) and tungsten disulphide (WS2) are exfoliated in aqueous surfactant solution by sonication. This yields highly polydisperse mixtures containing nanosheets with broad size and thickness distributions. However, for most purposes, specific sizes (in terms of both lateral dimension and thickness) are required. For example, large and thin nanosheets are desired for (opto) electronic applications, while laterally small nanosheets are interesting for catalytic applications. Therefore, post-exfoliation size selection is an important step that we address here. We provide a detailed protocol on the efficient size selection in large quantities by liquid cascade centrifugation and the size and thickness quantification by statistical microscopic analysis (atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy). The comparison of MoS2 and WS2 shows that both materials are size-selected in a similar way by the same procedure. Importantly, the dispersions of size-selected nanosheets show systematic changes in their optical extinction spectra with size due to edge and confinement effects. We show how these optical changes are related quantitatively to the nanosheets dimensions and describe how mean nanosheets length and layer number can be extracted reliably from the extinction spectra. The exfoliation and size selection protocol can be applied to a broad range of layered crystals as we have previously demonstrated for graphene, gallium sulphide (GaS) and black phosphorus.
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页数:10
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