Wide-bandgap GaN-based watt-class photonic-crystal lasers

Short-wavelength (blue-violet-to-green) lasers with high power and high beam quality are required for various applications including the machining of difficult-to-process materials and high-brightness illuminations and displays. Promising light sources for such applications are wide-bandgap GaN-based photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSELs), which are based on two-dimensional resonance in the photonic crystal. Developments of these devices have lagged behind those of longer-wavelength GaAs-based PCSELs, because device designs for achieving robust two-dimensional resonance and a nanofabrication process that avoids introducing disorders have remained elusive for wide-bandgap GaN-based materials. Here, we address these issues and successfully realize GaN-based PCSELs with high, watt-class (>1 W) output power and a circular, single-lobed beam with a very narrow (similar to 0.2 degrees) divergence angle at blue wavelengths. In addition, we demonstrate continuous-wave operation with a high output power (similar to 320 mW) and a high beam quality (M-2 similar to 1). Our results will enable the use of GaN-based PCSELs in the above-mentioned applications.