A comprehensive review of environmental and operational issues of constructed wetland systems

Constructed wetlands (CWs) are increasingly gaining ground for the treatment of domestic and agricultural wastewaters, coal mine drainage, and stormwater runoff, mainly because of a set of beneficial features, including environmental quality preservation, landscape conservation, and economic convenience. These would not be possible without activities such as monitoring and harvesting that can significantly contribute to both pollutant removal efficiency and sustainability of CWs. This review investigates this field of research by touching those themes and close-related ones, to contribute to enhancing the state of the art and the knowledge on CWs.