Land Contamination Analysis of SMOS Brightness Temperature Error Near Coastal Areas

For Soil Moisture And Ocean Salinity (SMOS) data, significant errors exist near coastal areas because of the contamination by the nearby land. For analyzing the origin of the land contamination, in this letter, it is found, from the global map of SMOS data error, that although the SMOS data error due to land contamination near coasts varies in different regions, the characteristic that the error increases significantly in proximity to land is similar in global scope. The detailed analysis of SMOS brightness temperature (TB) error in the selected area reveals a decreasing trend with the increase of the distance to coast (DC). An SMOS TB measurement model according to geophysical parameters of the selected area and SMOS/microwave imaging radiometer aperture synthesis antenna array is established to analyze the origin of the TB error variation due to land contamination. The simulation results, which agree with the SMOS TB data analysis, show that within 40 km of DC, TB error is large and decreases sharply from similar to 60 to similar to 4 K with the increase of DC, since the mainlobe of the antenna array is departing from land to ocean; during 40-400 km of DC, TB error decreases smoothly from similar to 4 to similar to 0.15 K, since the lower near sidelobes are observing and leaving land; TB error slightly decreases to 0 from 400 to 800 km when the lower far sidelobes leave land. The study of the origin of land contamination on ocean TB will be helpful for improving the observation of salinity near coastal areas.