Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of yellow mosaic diseased soybean

Soybean (Glycine max) is one of the legumes, susceptible to yellow mosaic disease caused by Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV) and Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) infection. Host gene expression profiling has mostly been performed in plants infected with begomovirus under controlled conditions. In this study, we employed transcriptomics and proteomics to study the differential gene expression to reveal the host genes which were modulated during the yellow mosaic viral infection under natural conditions. Transcriptome analysis revealed that, 1430 genes were up-regulated and 637 transcripts were down-regulated in the diseased plants with respect to the healthy. In addition, proteome analysis revealed 7 spots which were differentially regulated in the diseased leaves. These seven spots were identified as proteasome subunit alpha type 5, Nudix hydrolase 16, glutathione S-transferase, annexin, oxygen evolving enhancer 2, carbonic anhydrase and an uncharacterized protein which are related to stress response, metabolism and resistance. Yellow mosaic virus infection leads to differential regulation of genes involved in cell cycle, cell-wall biogenesis, chloroplast, photosynthesis, hormone and sulphur assimilation pathways. These effects may contribute to symptom development in YMV-infected soybean plants. The suppressive nature of YMV on some of the host genes revealed that in a compatible interaction, basal defense was induced but not capable of inhibiting viral replication and spread.