Sustaining Water Resources: Environmental and Economic Impact

被引:46
作者
Alexandratos, Spiro D. [1 ,2 ]
Barak, Naty [3 ]
Bauer, Diana [4 ]
Davidson, F. Todd [5 ]
Gibney, Brian R. [2 ,6 ]
Hubbard, Susan S. [7 ]
Taft, Hessy L. [8 ]
Westerhof, Paul [9 ]
机构
[1] Hunter Coll, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10065 USA
[2] CUNY, Grad Ctr, PhD Program Chem, New York, NY 10016 USA
[3] Netafim Ltd, IL-8542000 Kibbutz Hatzerim, Israel
[4] US DOE, 1000 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20585 USA
[5] Univ Texas Austin, Energy Inst, 2304 Whitis Ave C2400, Austin, TX 78712 USA
[6] Brooklyn Coll, Dept Chem, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA
[7] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Area, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
[8] St Johns Univ, Dept Chem, 8000 Utopia Pkwy, Queens, NY 11439 USA
[9] Arizona State Univ, Sch Sustainable Engn & Built Environm, Nanosyst Engn Res Ctr Nanotechnol Enabled Water T, Box 3005, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
Water sustainability; Water conservation; Watershed management; Water-energy nexus; DRINKING-WATER; EXCHANGE-RESINS; NANOPARTICLES; EXPOSURE; FIELD; GAS;
D O I
10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b05859
中图分类号
O6 [化学];
学科分类号
0703 ;
摘要
Water is essential to human health and economic development due to its utilization in sanitation, agriculture, and energy. Supplying water to an expanding world population requires simultaneous consideration of multiple societal sectors competing for limited resources. Water conservation, supply augmentation, distribution, and treatment of contaminants must work in concert to ensure water sustainability. Water is linked to other sectors, and the quantity and quality of water resources are changing. The efficient use of water in agriculture, the largest user of water worldwide, via drip irrigation is described as is the use of energy-intensive reverse osmosis to supplement freshwater supplies. Efforts to manage watersheds and model their responses to severe weather events are discussed along with efforts to improve the predictability of their function. The regional competition for water resources impacts both energy and water supply reliability, which requires that nations balance both for sustainable economic development. The use of water and energy in the US is described which provides a lens through which to both rethink the interrelationship of water and energy as well as evaluate technological developments. Advances in nanotechnology are highlighted as one emerging technology. These results underscore the multifaceted nature of water sustainability, its interrelationship to energy and economic development, and the need to develop, manage and regulate water systems in a concerted manner.
引用
收藏
页码:2879 / 2888
页数:19
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