Maternal effect and dietary supplementation of estradiol-17β on female zebrafish (Danio rerio) affects the swimming behavior and stress-coping styles of its offspring

Extrinsic estradiol-1713 (E2) is an environmental hormone. Female fish exposure to waterborne E2 might the development of craniofacial cartilage of its offspring. The present study investigates the effects of maternal on larval craniofacial cartilage development by administering oral feed containing E2 (F-E2) to female zebrafish, and examines whether the swimming behavior and their stress coping style are influenced by maternal E2. results showed that E2 contents responded to dosage and time in male fish after being fed with a diet containing E2. In addition, the E2 contents in female ovaries showed a significant increase after 250 mg of E2/kg treatment for 14 d. On the other hand, the fecundity rate of F-E2 group was lower around 2 folds than F-C (female mg of E2/kg) group. Craniofacial chondrogenesis on 72 hpf (hours of post fertilization) of F-E2 larvae abnormalities, and a recovery to a normal developmental pattern was observed at the 96 hpf stage. swimming speed was slower for F-E2 larvae compared to the F-C larvae; and the F-E2 juvenile seems to be responsive to cortisol (LRC) after cold stress. According to the results, we suggested that F-E2 larvae might worse environmental adaptability than F-C larvae.