Neural correlates of the psychedelic state as determined by fMRI studies with psilocybin

被引:690
作者
Carhart-Harris, Robin L. [1 ,2 ]
Erritzoe, David [1 ,5 ,6 ]
Williams, Tim [2 ]
Stone, James M. [1 ]
Reed, Laurence J. [1 ]
Colasanti, Alessandro [1 ]
Tyacke, Robin J. [1 ]
Leech, Robert
Malizia, Andrea L. [2 ]
Murphy, Kevin [3 ]
Hobden, Peter [3 ]
Evans, John [3 ]
Feilding, Amanda [4 ]
Wise, Richard G. [3 ]
Nutt, David J. [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Neuropsychopharmacol Unit, London W12 0NN, England
[2] Univ Bristol, Acad Unit Psychiat, Bristol BS8 2BN, Avon, England
[3] Cardiff Univ, Brain Res Imaging Ctr, Cardiff CF10 3AT, S Glam, Wales
[4] Beckley Fdn, Oxford OX3 9SY, England
[5] Univ Copenhagen, Neurobiol Res Unit, Rigshosp, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
[6] Univ Copenhagen, Ctr Integrated Mol Brain Imaging, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
关键词
default mode network; hallucinogens; serotonin; depression; 5-HT2A receptor; MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX; MYSTICAL-TYPE EXPERIENCES; DEFAULT-MODE; ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION; SPIRITUAL SIGNIFICANCE; ORBITOFRONTAL CORTEX; POSITRON-EMISSION; NEURONAL-ACTIVITY; CLUSTER HEADACHE; 5-HT2; RECEPTORS;
D O I
10.1073/pnas.1119598109
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Psychedelic drugs have a long history of use in healing ceremonies, but despite renewed interest in their therapeutic potential, we continue to know very little about how they work in the brain. Here we used psilocybin, a classic psychedelic found in magic mushrooms, and a task-free functional MRI (fMRI) protocol designed to capture the transition from normal waking consciousness to the psychedelic state. Arterial spin labeling perfusion and blood-oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) fMRI were used to map cerebral blood flow and changes in venous oxygenation before and after intravenous infusions of placebo and psilocybin. Fifteen healthy volunteers were scanned with arterial spin labeling and a separate 15 with BOLD. As predicted, profound changes in consciousness were observed after psilocybin, but surprisingly, only decreases in cerebral blood flow and BOLD signal were seen, and these were maximal in hub regions, such as the thalamus and anterior and posterior cingulate cortex (ACC and PCC). Decreased activity in the ACC/medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) was a consistent finding and the magnitude of this decrease predicted the intensity of the subjective effects. Based on these results, a seed-based pharmaco-physiological interaction/functional connectivity analysis was performed using a medial prefrontal seed. Psilocybin caused a significant decrease in the positive coupling between the mPFC and PCC. These results strongly imply that the subjective effects of psychedelic drugs are caused by decreased activity and connectivity in the brain's key connector hubs, enabling a state of unconstrained cognition.
引用
收藏
页码:2138 / 2143
页数:6
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