Techno-economic and Life Cycle Analysis for Bioleaching Rare-Earth Elements from Waste Materials

被引:129
作者
Thompson, Vicki S. [1 ]
Gupta, Mayank [2 ]
Jin, Hongyue [2 ]
Vahidi, Ehsan [3 ]
Yim, Matthew [1 ]
Jindra, Michael A. [1 ]
Van Nguyen [1 ]
Fujita, Yoshiko [1 ]
Sutherland, John W. [3 ]
Jiao, Yongqin [4 ]
Reed, David W. [1 ]
机构
[1] Idaho Natl Lab, Dept Biol & Chem Proc, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA
[2] Purdue Univ, Sch Ind Engn, Potter Engn Ctr, 500 Cent Dr,Room 364, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
[3] Purdue Univ, Environm & Ecol Engn, Potter Engn Ctr, 500 Cent Dr,Room 364, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
[4] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Biosci & Biotechnol Div, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA
关键词
Bioleaching; Rare-earth elements; Techno-economic assessment; Life cycle analysis; End-of-life products; CRACKING CATALYSTS; ELECTRONIC WASTE; METAL RECOVERY; MONAZITE; MINERALS; EXTRACTION;
D O I
10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b02771
中图分类号
O6 [化学];
学科分类号
0703 ;
摘要
A bioleaching process to extract rare-earth elements (REE) from fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) catalysts was optimized using a heterotrophic bacterium Gluconobacter oxydans to produce organic acids from glucose. Parameters optimized included agitation intensity, oxygen levels, glucose concentrations, and nutrient additions. Biolixiviants from the optimized batch process demonstrated REE leaching efficiencies up to 56%. A continuous bioreactor system was subsequently developed to feed a leach process and demonstrated leaching efficiencies of 51%. A techno-economic analysis showed glucose to be the single largest expense for the bioleach process, constituting 44% of the total cost. The bioleaching plant described here was found profitable, although the margin was small. Lower cost carbon and energy sources for producing the biolixiviant, sourcing FCC catalysts with higher total REE content (>1.5% by mass), and improved leaching efficiencies would significantly increase the overall profit. A life cycle analysis showed that electricity and glucose required for the bioreactor had the largest potential for environmental impacts.
引用
收藏
页码:1602 / 1609
页数:8
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