Carbon disulfide exposure assessment in a Chinese viscose filament plant

Carbon disulfide is a well-known occupational hazard in the viscose industry, and studies have shown considerable health effects when workers are exposed to high concentrations of this reagent. At exposure levels below the TLV-TWA(31 mg/m(3)), findings remain contradictory, probably due to deficient exposure data. The present study tries to identify the occupational hazards and thoroughly assess the exposure levels in a Chinese viscose rayon plant. Methods: An industrial hygienic field survey and a sampling campaign were carried out, including multi-gas monitoring, on-line measurements, and stationary assessment in the spinning hall as well as personal exposure sampling for spinners (by charcoal tube absorbing and GC-FPD analysis). All data was introduced into Foxpro database, and analyzed by Epi info (6.04) and SPSS, Results: On-line measurement showed that the geometric mean (GM) of carbon disulfide exposure amounted to 12.73 mg/m(3) in 'exposure' and 0.08 mg/m(3) in 'non-exposure' worksites. These concentrations in the air were related to the subject's activities showing the highest levels when they had to open the shield windows of the spinning machines. Stationary exposure measurements of carbon disulfide in the spinning hall amounted to 23.29 mg/m(3) GM (range 5.8-97.94 mg/m(3)). Personal exposure of spinners was about 17.3 mg/m(3) GM. Comparing these methods, the personal exposure sampling could exactly express the exposure levels of the worker's contacting situation. The on-line measurement by multi-gas monitor might also be recommended to the factory as it has its own advantages of rapid and independent assessment, but it under-estimates the exposure level.