Cryptogamic epiphytes in primary and recovering upper montane oak forests of Costa Rica - species richness, community composition and ecology

被引:87
作者
Holz, I
Gradstein, SR
机构
[1] Univ Greifswald, Inst Bot, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany
[2] Univ Greifswald, Bot Garden, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany
[3] Univ Gottingen, Albrecht Von Haller Inst Plant Sci, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany
关键词
Bryophytes; Cordillera de Talamanca; indicator species; macrolichens; secondary forest; secondary succession;
D O I
10.1007/s11258-004-2496-5
中图分类号
Q94 [植物学];
学科分类号
071001 ;
摘要
Species richness, community composition and ecology of cryptogamic epiphytes (bryophytes, macrolichens) were studied in upper montane primary, early secondary and late secondary oak forests of the Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica. Canopy trees of Quercus copeyensis were sampled with the aim of getting insight in patterns and processes of epiphyte succession and recovery of diversity in secondary forest following forest clearing. Species richness of cryptogamic epiphytes in secondary and primary forests were nearly the same, showing that primary forests are not necessarily more diverse than secondary forests. High species richness of secondary forests was presumed due to the closed canopy, resulting in permanently high atmospheric humidity in these forests. Similarity in species composition of secondary and primary forests increases with forest age, but after 40 years of succession one third (46 species) of primary forest species had not re-established in the secondary forest. Community composition in primary and secondary forests differed markedly and indicates that a long time is needed for the re-establishment of microhabitats and re-invasion of species and communities adapted to differentiated niches. Genera and species exclusive to primary forests are relevant as indicator taxa and conservation targets. Forty percent (68 species) of all species recorded are restricted to secondary forests, indicating the important contribution of secondary forest diversity to total species richness of the oak forests of Costa Rica.
引用
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页码:89 / 109
页数:21
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