Role of genomics and transcriptomics in selection of reintroduction source populations

被引:58
作者
He, Xiaoping [1 ]
Johansson, Mattias L. [1 ]
Heath, Daniel D. [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Windsor, Great Lakes Inst Environm Res, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
acclimation; adaptation; conservation genomics; genetic diversity; reintroduction biology; SNP; stress; aclimatacion; adaptacion; biologia de la reintroduccion; diversidad genetica; estres; genomica de la conservacion; GENE-EXPRESSION; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; CONSERVATION; SNP; EVOLUTION; SUCCESS; ADAPTATIONS; DIVERGENCE; MECHANISMS; TOLERANCE;
D O I
10.1111/cobi.12674
中图分类号
X176 [生物多样性保护];
学科分类号
090705 ;
摘要
The use and importance of reintroduction as a conservation tool to return a species to its historical range from which it has been extirpated will increase as climate change and human development accelerate habitat loss and population extinctions. Although the number of reintroduction attempts has increased rapidly over the past 2 decades, the success rate is generally low. As a result of population differences in fitness-related traits and divergent responses to environmental stresses, population performance upon reintroduction is highly variable, and it is generally agreed that selecting an appropriate source population is a critical component of a successful reintroduction. Conservation genomics is an emerging field that addresses long-standing challenges in conservation, and the potential for using novel molecular genetic approaches to inform and improve conservation efforts is high. Because the successful establishment and persistence of reintroduced populations is highly dependent on the functional genetic variation and environmental stress tolerance of the source population, we propose the application of conservation genomics and transcriptomics to guide reintroduction practices. Specifically, we propose using genome-wide functional loci to estimate genetic variation of source populations. This estimate can then be used to predict the potential for adaptation. We also propose using transcriptional profiling to measure the expression response of fitness-related genes to environmental stresses as a proxy for acclimation (tolerance) capacity. Appropriate application of conservation genomics and transcriptomics has the potential to dramatically enhance reintroduction success in a time of rapidly declining biodiversity and accelerating environmental change. El Papel de la Genomica y los Transcriptomas en la Seleccion de Poblaciones Fuente para Reintroduccion El uso y la importancia de la reintroduccion como herramienta de conservacion para regresar a las especies a su extension historica de la que han sido extirpadas incrementaran conforme el cambio climatico y los establecimientos humanos aceleren la perdida de habitat y la extincion de poblaciones. Aunque el numero de intentos de reintroduccion ha incrementado en las ultimas dos decadas, la tasa de exitos es generalmente baja. Como resultado de las diferencias poblacionales en los caracteres relacionados con la adecuacion y las respuestas divergentes a los estreses ambientales, el desempeno poblacional tras la reintroduccion es altamente variable y es un acuerdo general que la seleccion de una poblacion fuente adecuada es un componente critico de la reintroduccion exitosa. La genomica de la conservacion es un campo emergente que se enfoca en los retos de larga duracion que enfrenta la conservacion. El potencial para utilizar estrategias novedosas de genetica molecular para informar y mejorar los esfuerzos de conservacion es alto. Ya que el establecimiento exitoso y la persistencia de las poblaciones reintroducidas es altamente dependiente de la variacion genetica funcional y la tolerancia al estres ambiental de la poblacion fuente, proponemos la aplicacion de la genomica de la conservacion y los transcriptomas para guiar las practicas de reintroduccion. Especificamente, proponemos usar loci funcionales a nivel genoma para estimar la variacion genetica de las poblaciones fuente. Este estimado puede usarse para predecir el potencial de adaptacion de la poblacion. Tambien proponemos usar evaluaciones por perfiles de transcripcion para medir la respuesta de expresion a los estreses ambientales de los genes relacionados con la adecuacion como sustitutos de la capacidad de aclimatacion (tolerancia). La aplicacion adecuada de la genomica de la conservacion y los transcriptomas tiene el potencial de mejorar dramaticamente el exito de reintroduccion en tiempos de declinacion critica de la biodiversidad y de cambios ambientales acelerados. Resumen
引用
收藏
页码:1010 / 1018
页数:9
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