FPGA Design of an Automatic Target Generation Process for Hyperspectral Image Analysis

Onboard processing of remotely sensed hyperspectral data is a highly desirable goal in many applications. For this purpose, compact reconfigurable hardware modules such as field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are widely used. In this paper, we develop a new implementation of an automatic target generation process (ATGP) for hyperspectral images. Our implementation is based on a design methodology that starts from a high-level description in Matlab (or alternative C/C++) and obtains a register transfer level (RTL) description that can be ported to FPGAs. In order to validate our new implementation, we develop a quantitative and comparative study using two different FPGA architectures: Xilinx Virtex-5 and Altera Stratix-III Altera. Experimental results have been obtained in the context of a real application focused on the detection of mineral components over the Cuprite mining district (Nevada), using hyperspectral data collected by NASA's Airborne Visible Infra-Red Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS). Our experimental results indicate that the proposed implementation can achieve peak frequency designs above 200MHz in the considered FPGAs, in addition to satisfactory results in terms of target detection accuracy and parallel performance. This represents a step forward towards the design of real-time onboard implementations of hyperspectral image analysis algorithms.