Shear behaviour of reinforced concrete beams with confinement near plastic hinges

The vast majority of structures, even in high-risk zones, will not actually be subjected to earthquake during their design lives. It is therefore felt that spiral binding is only likely to be used in practice if it can contribute to the static shear strength of the structure and so replace at least some of the stirrups. The question addressed here is whether such spirals are useful to carry shear in beams and in particular whether they can usefully improve the residual shear strength at hinges after severe cyclic bending.