Comprehensive evaluation of lipidomics profiles in golden threadfin bream (Nemipterus virgatus) and its by-products using UHPLC-Q-exactive Orbitrap-MS

Golden threadfin bream (Nemipterus virgatus) has become the second-largest surimi processing resource, but little is known about its lipidomics profiles. A comprehensive lipidomics analysis of golden threadfin bream and its by-products was performed. The results showed that golden threadfin bream contained high levels of phospholipid (4.54%-13.13% of total lipids), saccharolipid (5.22%-18.68%), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 11.07-21.54% of total fatty acids), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 3.89-5.29%) and arachidonic acid (ARA, 2.36-3.64%). DHA tended to concentrate more on phospholipid than triacylglycerol and other lipid classes. Interestingly, DHA was mainly bonded to the sn-2 position of triacylglycerol and sn-1 position of phospholipid. Additionally, 1400 lipid molecular species belonging to 28 subclasses were identified by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography equipped with quadrupole-exactive orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS), and glycer-olipid was the dominant lipid class. Glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid in fish head and viscera were rela-tively higher than muscle and skin. Furthermore, the chemometric models were used to differentiate and evaluate the four tissues, and 57 potential lipid biomarkers were screened. Hence, this study will contribute to comprehensively assess the nutritional value of golden threadfin bream and facilitate the high-value utilization of its by-products.