The use of three implants to support a fixed prosthesis in the management of the edentulous mandible: a systematic review

Background Dental implants have been widely utilised as a treatment modality for prosthetic rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the implant and prosthetic survival rate, changes in marginal bone level, and patient satisfaction outcomes with the use of three implants to support a fixed prosthesis in the edentulous mandible. Methods A comprehensive electronic search was performed in the MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane databases to retrieve studies that met the selection criteria. Sixteen articles were selected which consisted of two randomised controlled trials, eight prospective cohort studies, five retrospective studies and one case series. Results A total of 2055 implants were placed in 685 patients with a mean age of 62.2 years. The mean cumulative implant survival rate was 96.2% over a mean follow-up period of 3.35 years. Mean marginal bone loss recorded was 1.25 mm and high patient satisfaction rates were reported across the studies. Conclusion The use of three implants to support a fixed prosthesis appears to be a successful approach to restoring the edentulous mandible in the short-to-medium term. Further longitudinal comparative studies are required to support longer-term success, and to guide minimum implant dimension requirements for the technique.