GENETIC AND MOLECULAR VARIATIONS USING THE MOLECULAR MARKER RAPD IN BARLEY YIELD

A field experiment was carried out on the left side of the Euphrates River, Ramadi district, the center of Anbar Governorate. Five genotypes of barley were used (Buhooth-244, Amal, Samir, BKL88-38 and BKL88-216), which were introduced into reciprocal hybridization in one direction in the winter season of 2019-2020 to produce 10 single hybrids. The seeds of parents and hybrids resulting from half-reciprocal cross were planted in the winter season of 2020-2021 according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD) at three replications, in order to estimate the Heterosis. The BKL88-38 x Buhooth244 hybrid was significantly superior by giving the highest grain yield (50.06 g), grain weight (50.7 g), number of spikes (384.4 spike m(-2)), while the Amal x BKL88-38 hybrid was distinguished by giving the highest harvest index (43.82%), whereas the BKL88-38 x Buhooth-244 hybrid was distinguished by giving a highest mean of Heterosis of the 1000-grain weight, grain yield and biological yield (25.50, 28.88 and 14.84%), respectively. Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was used by using 10 primers. The highest genetic divergence was 0.70 between Amal and BKL88-38 genotypes and Buhooth-244 and BKL88-38 genotypes. The ten primers gave 233 bands with an average of 23.3 band per primer. The number of identical bands was 24, the dissimilarity was 209 and the percentage of dissimilar bands ranged between 58.62-100%.