APPLICATIONS OF IONIC LIQUIDS IN ALKYLATION REACTIONS OF AROMATIC AND UNSATURATED HYDROCARBONS

This article provides an analysis of the results of scientific research in the field of the alkylation of aromatic and unsaturated hydrocarbons in the presence of ionic liquids, carried out mainly in recent decades. The role and functions of ionic liquids in these reactions are shown. It is noted that the used ionic liquids can take part in alkylation reactions as a catalyst. and as solvents. The main representatives of ionic liquids, which are most widely used in diene condensations, are shown. It is noted that the most commonly used ionic liquids in [4+2]-cycloaddition reactions are imidazolium, pyridinium, and chloraluminate ionic liquids. The effect of the liquids used on the kinetics and stereoselectivity of the reactions carried out, as well as on the yield and regio- and enantioselectivity of the obtained adducts, was studied. It is noted that the use of ionic liquids does not depend on the nature of the substrates and alkylating agents used, since they are universal catalytic systems for any components of the alkylation reaction. In addition, the use of ionic liquids can help control the ratio of products formed during the alkylation reaction. It also shows the prospect of using ionic liquids that have a melting point at room temperature. The use of such catalytic systems makes it possible to reduce the energy costs for experimental studies, and also simplifies the technology of the process. The article also presents the results of the authors' own research, in particular, the use of N-methylpyrrolidone hydrosulfate ionic liquid as a catalyst for the alkylation of cyclopentadiene with monohydric aliphatic and alicyclic alcohols is shown