Cancers attributable to human papillomavirus infection

被引:99
作者
Grulich, Andrew E. [1 ]
Jin, Fengyi [1 ,2 ]
Conway, E. Lynne [3 ]
Stein, Alicia N. [3 ]
Hocking, Jane [4 ]
机构
[1] Univ New S Wales, HIV Epidemiol & Prevent Program, Natl Ctr HIV Epidemiol & Clin Res, Sydney, NSW 2021, Australia
[2] Univ Sydney, Sexually Transmitted Infect Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
[3] CSL Ltd, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia
[4] Univ Melbourne, Sch Populat Hlth, Carlton, Vic 2010, Australia
关键词
Australia; cervical cancer; HPV vaccine; SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMAS; CERVICAL-CANCER; INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA; SEXUAL PRACTICES; PREVALENCE; TRENDS; RISK; HEAD; NECK; EPIDEMIOLOGY;
D O I
10.1071/SH10020
中图分类号
R1 [预防医学、卫生学];
学科分类号
1004 ; 120402 ;
摘要
Although the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine was introduced primarily as a cervical cancer prevention vaccine, HPV has a causal role in several types of cancer. This article reviews the epidemiological evidence for the role of HPV in human cancer, and describes Australian trends in these cancers. HPV is a necessary cause of cervical cancer. The currently vaccine-preventable subtypes of HPV 16 and 18 are responsible for similar to 70% of cervical cancer. The introduction of an organised Pap smear program in Australia led to a steep decline in incidence over the past decades. HPV can be detected in similar to 40% and 70% of vulval and vaginal cancers respectively. Rates of these cancers have been stable over the past 20 years. The prevalence of HPV in penile cancer is similar to 50% and incidence has not recently changed. For anal cancer, similar to 85% of cases are HPV positive, and incidence has increased significantly in both men and women over the past 20 years. In the oral cavity, similar to 35% of oropharyngeal cancers and similar to 25% of other oral cavity cancers are HPV positive. The incidence of HPV-related oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers is increasing, whereas incidence at HPV-unrelated sites is decreasing. Overall, 1154 HPV-related cancer cases were potentially preventable by vaccination. If HPV-related cancers at non-cervical sites are prevented by vaccination, then a similar number of cancer cases will be prevented as in the cervix. However, almost one-quarter of the potentially preventable cancer cases are in men, who are not included in the current national immunisation program.
引用
收藏
页码:244 / 252
页数:9
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