Quality in the preanalytical phase: the significance of fasting

One of the most important challenges for clinical laboratory is obtaining a sample with the required analytical quality, which must be traceable to the patient. The largest proportion of laboratory errors occur in the preanalytical phase, where the fasting state is a critical condition. Metabolic changes due to postprandial state can affect some analyte concentrations or interfere in laboratory methods, which can produce spurious tests results with direct impact on patient safety. Recently, the Working Group on Preanalytical Phase (WG-PA) of the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) issued recommendations regarding fasting requirements for laboratory tests. The expert group suggests that blood samples should be obtained between 7 and 9 a.m., after 12 hours of fasting, water intake being allowed; no alcohol 24 hours before extraction and no smoking or drinking caffeinated beverages during the morning before the extraction is performed. The WG-PA-EFLM also proposes to incorporate these recommendations into local professional societies in order to achieve global harmonization of this preanalytical variable.