Baicalin inhibits growth and induces apoptosis of human osteosarcoma cells by suppressing the AKT pathway

Osteosarcoma (OS) is one of the most prevalent types of bone malignancies with poor overall prognosis, and is reported mainly in children and adolescents. Therefore, the investigation of novel and efficient treatment strategies for patients with OS is required. Baicalin exhibits potential anticancer effects, including in OS. However, its therapeutic effect against OS and the underlying mechanisms have not been fully evaluated. In the present study, the effect of baicalin on the proliferation and apoptosis of OS cells and its underlying mechanism of AKT pathway activation was explored. Cell confluence and cell number counts revealed suppressed the growth of OS cells that were treated with baicalin. Analysis of cell viability, cell survival and cell cycle, as well as cell apoptosis revealed decreased cell viability and survival, induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of treated cells. Western blot analysis demonstrated significantly decreased ratios of phosphorylated-AKT/AKT and Bcl-2/Bax, and decreased protein levels of cyclin D1 and CDK4 in cells treated with baicalin. Thus, the findings from the present study suggest that the suppression of the AKT pathway may be the underlying mechanism of the antitumor effect of baicalin in OS cells.