The Placenta and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

被引：147
作者：
Gauster, M. [2 ]
Desoye, G. [1 ]
Toetsch, M. [3 ]
Hiden, U. [1 ]
机构：
[1] Med Univ Graz, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, A-8036 Graz, Austria
[2] Med Univ Graz, Ctr Mol Med, Inst Cell Biol Histol & Embryol, A-8036 Graz, Austria
[3] Med Univ Graz, Inst Cytol, A-8036 Graz, Austria
来源：
CURRENT DIABETES REPORTS | 2012年 / 12卷 / 01期
关键词：
Placenta; Gestational diabetes mellitus; Pregnancy pathology; Angiogenesis; Placental vascularization; Placenta development; Placental blood flow; Fetal oxygenation; Oxidative stress; Inflammation; Transplacental nutrient supply; HUMAN UMBILICAL VEIN; HUMAN TERM PLACENTA; INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RESTRICTION; MICROVASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE TEST; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; L-ARGININE TRANSPORT; BIRTH-WEIGHT RATIO; OXIDATIVE STRESS; IN-VITRO;
D O I：
10.1007/s11892-011-0244-5
中图分类号：
R5 [内科学];
学科分类号：
1002 ; 100201 ;
摘要：
By its location between maternal and fetal bloodstreams the human placenta not only handles the materno-fetal transport of nutrients and gases, but may also be exposed to intrauterine conditions adversely affecting placental and fetal development. Such adverse conditions exist in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and have been associated with alterations in placental anatomy and physiology. These alterations are mainly based on changes on the micro-anatomical and/or even molecular level including aberrant villous vascularization, a disbalance of vasoactive molecules, and enhanced oxidative stress. The consequence thereof may be impaired fetal oxygenation and changes in transplacental nutrient supply. Although transplacental glucose flux is flow limited and independent of glucose transporter availability, transport of essential and nonessential amino acids and expression of genes involved in lipid transport and metabolism are significantly affected by GDM.
引用
收藏
页码：16 / 23
页数：8
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