Expanding the Landscape of Amino Acid-Rich Antimicrobial Peptides: Definition, Deployment in Nature, Implications for Peptide Design and Therapeutic Potential

被引:20
作者
Decker, Aaron P. [1 ]
Mechesso, Abraham F. [1 ]
Wang, Guangshun [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Coll Med, Dept Pathol & Microbiol, 985900 Nebraska Med Ctr, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
关键词
antibiotic resistance; antimicrobial peptides; antimicrobial peptide database; bioinformatics; peptide design; peptide antibiotics; ANTIBACTERIAL PEPTIDES; INNATE IMMUNITY; FAMILY; PROTEINS; ANTIBIOTICS; MECHANISMS; PATHOGENS; SEQUENCE; DATABASE; GRANULES;
D O I
10.3390/ijms232112874
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
Unlike the alpha-helical and beta-sheet antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), our knowledge on amino acid-rich AMPs is limited. This article conducts a systematic study of rich AMPs (>25%) from different life kingdoms based on the Antimicrobial Peptide Database (APD) using the program R. Of 3425 peptides, 724 rich AMPs were identified. Rich AMPs are more common in animals and bacteria than in plants. In different animal classes, a unique set of rich AMPs is deployed. While histidine, proline, and arginine-rich AMPs are abundant in mammals, alanine, glycine, and leucine-rich AMPs are common in amphibians. Ten amino acids (Ala, Cys, Gly, His, Ile, Lys, Leu, Pro, Arg, and Val) are frequently observed in rich AMPs, seven (Asp, Glu, Phe, Ser, Thr, Trp, and Tyr) are occasionally observed, and three (Met, Asn, and Gln) were not yet found. Leucine is much more frequent in forming rich AMPs than either valine or isoleucine. To date, no natural AMPs are simultaneously rich in leucine and lysine, while proline, tryptophan, and cysteine-rich peptides can simultaneously be rich in arginine. These findings can be utilized to guide peptide design. Since multiple candidates are potent against antibiotic-resistant bacteria, rich AMPs stand out as promising future antibiotics.
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页数:19
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