The effect of carbon nanotubes on the damage development in carbon fiber/epoxy composites

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the initiation and development of damage in a woven carbon fiber/epoxy composite under quasi-static tensile loading. The composite is produced using resin transfer moulding and contains 0.25 wt.% of CNTs in the matrix. The results in the fiber direction report no improvement of the Young's modulus and a slight improvement of the strength and strain-to-failure. The most important result of the study is a notion that CNTs have a hindering effect on the formation of transverse cracks. The conclusion is drawn from a combined analysis of the acoustic emission measurements (reporting a pronounced shift of all damage development thresholds towards higher strains by more than 30%) and X-ray/SEM observations (revealing a lower crack density in the CNT modified composite). The same analysis also indicates that the mechanism of energy dissipation through transverse microcracking is partially replaced by another mechanism that promotes (distributed) damage through fiber debonding. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.