Salvage strategies after complications of hypospadias repair

The complication rate of hypospadias repair still ranges between 20 and 30%, although operative skills and technical devices have improved. Different aspects like dressing are important for prevention of complications. Early complications are bleeding, hematoma, and infection. Late complications are fistulas, meatal stenosis, partial and complete breakdown, persisting curvature, a hairy urethra, and hypospadias cripples. Detailed preoperative diagnostics are important. There are several operative techniques that can be used for repair including the use of mesh graft or foreign material. Two or multiple stages are often needed. The surgery to correct complications after hypospadias repair is a challenge, which should only be done by an experienced surgeon.