Occurrence of polycyclic musks in wastewater and receiving water bodies and fate during wastewater treatment

被引：106

作者：

Clara, M. ^{[1
]}

Gans, O. ^{[1
]}

Windhofer, G. ^{[1
]}

Krenn, U. ^{[1
]}

Hartl, W. ^{[1
]}

Braun, K. ^{[1
]}

Scharf, S. ^{[1
]}

Scheffknecht, C. ^{[2
]}

机构：

[1] Environm Agcy Austria, A-1090 Vienna, Austria

[2] Environm Inst State Vorarlberg, A-6901 Bregenz, Austria

来源：

CHEMOSPHERE | 2011年 / 82卷 / 08期

关键词：

Fragrances; Anaerobic sludge digestion; Surface water; Sediments; Adsorption; Degradation; PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; COEFFICIENT K-D; SYNTHETIC MUSKS; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; UNITED-STATES; FRAGRANCES; PHARMACEUTICALS; SLUDGE; REMOVAL;

D O I：

10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.11.041

中图分类号：

X [环境科学、安全科学];

学科分类号：

08 ; 0830 ;

摘要：

The occurrence of cashmerane (DPMI), celestolide, phantolide, traesolide (ATII), galaxolide (HHCB) and tonalide (AHTN) in sewage and surface waters and their fate during wastewater treatment and anaerobic sludge digestion is investigated. AHTN and HHCB are the most important representatives and influent concentrations of 0.41-1.8 and 0.9-13 mu g L(-1) are observed. DPMI is detected in influent and effluent samples but in notably lower concentrations than AHTN and HHCB. Major sources of polycyclic musks are households, whereas industrial emitters seem to be of minor importance. This conclusion is supported by the analysis of selected industrial wastewaters (metal, textile and paper industry). Specific emissions of 0.36 +/- 0.19 and 1.6 +/- 1.0 mg cap(-1) d(-1) for AHTN and HHCB are calculated. Overall removal efficiencies between approx 50% and more than 95% are observed during biological wastewater treatment and removal with the excess sludge is the major removal pathway. Log K(D) values of 3.73-4.3 for AHTN, 3.87-4.34 for HHCB and 2.42-3.22 for DPMI are observed in secondary sludge. During sludge digestion no or only slight removal occurred. Mean polycyclic musk concentrations in digested sludge amounted to 1.9 +/- 0.9 (AHTN), 14.2 +/- 5.8 (HHCB), 0.8 +/- 0.4 (ATII) and 0.2 +/- 0.09 (DPMI) mg kg(-1) dry matter. In the receiving water systems a comparable distribution as during wastewater treatment is observed. AHTN, HHCB and DPMI are detected in surface waters (ND (not detected) - <0.04, ND - 0.32 and ND - 0.02 mu g L(-1)) as well as AHTN and HHCB in sediments (ND - 20, ND - 120 mu g kg(-1)). For HHCB an apparent K(OC) value of 4.1-4.4 is calculated for sediments. Major source for polycyclic musks in surface waters are discharges from wastewater treatment plants. For HHCB and DPMI 100% of the load observed in the sampled surface waters derive from discharges of treated wastewater. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

引用

页码：1116 / 1123

页数：8

共 38 条

[1] Removal of two polycyclic musks in sewage treatment plants: Freely dissolved and total concentrations [J].