Nutrition in Stoma Patients: A Practical View of Dietary Therapy

This article reviews the various issues that surround the dietary planning for a patient with stoma (colostomy, ileostomy, and urostomy). The ostomy diet is necessary to keep stools normal following surgery, since the amount, frequency and consistency of stool is influenced by the diet. The goals of dietary management in stoma patients is to prevent stoma blockages after surgery, to promote healing of stoma wound and to minimise unpleasant gastrointestinal upset such as flatulence, diarrhoea, constipation and odors. On the other hand, early oral feeding in patients with colostomy is important. Since it is planned to progress from a liquid to low fiber (residue) diet. Some foods may not be as well tolerated and may cause flatulence, odors, diarrhea and/or constipation. Preoperatively, fiber and lactose intolerances are common in ileostomy patients. Postoperatively, it is important to provide a high-energy, high-protein diet for wound healing that is low in excess insoluble fiber. Certain foods and drugs can discolor the urine or produce a strong odor. In order to recognize the signs of food blockage, it is suggested to take plenty of fluids and consume a balanced diet in stoma patients.