Joint development and tectonic stress field evolution in the southeastern Mesozoic Ordos Basin, west part of North China

Major joint sets trending E-W (J(1)), ENE-WSW (J(2)), NE-SW (J(3)), N-S (J(4)), NNW-SSE (J(5)), NNE-SSW (J(6)), NW-SE (J(7)), and WNW-ESE (J(8)) respectively are recognized in Mesozoic strata within the, southeast of Ordos Basin. Among them, the J(1), J(2) and J(3) joint sets are systematic joints, while the other five joint sets (J(4), J(5), J(8), J(7),J(8)) are nonsystematic joints. There are three groups of orthogonal joint systems (i.e. J(1) and J(4) sets, J(2) and J(5) sets, and J(6) and J(8) sets) and two groups of conjugate shear fractures (ENE-WSW and NNE-SSW, ENE-WSW and ESE-WNW) in the study area. Joint spacing analysis indicates that: (1) layer thickness has an effect on the joint spacing, but the correlation of joint spacing and layer thickness is low; (2) joint density of systematic joints is greater than nonsystematic joints, and the joint density of a thin layer is also greater than that of a thick layer; and (3) the joints of Mesozoic strata in the basin are the result of tectonic events affected by multiple stress fields. All these joints in the Mesozoic strata are formed in the two main tectonic events since Late Mesozoic times. One is the westward subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath the Eurasia Plate, which formed the approximately E-W-trending compressive stress field in the China continent. The trends of the J(1) joint set (E-W) and the bisector of conjugate shear fractures composed of ENE-WSW and ESE-WNW fractures are all parallel to the trend of maximum compressive stress (E-W). The other stress field is related to the collision of the Indian and Eurasian Plates, which formed the NE-SW-trending compressive stress field in the China continent. The trends of the J(3) joint set and bisector of conjugate shear fractures composed of ENE-WSW and NNE-SSW fractures are all parallel to the trend of maximum compressive stress (NE-SW). Finally, we conclude that the J(1) and J(4) sets are formed in the E-W-trending compressive stress field, and the J(2), J(3), J(5), J(6), J(7) and J(8) sets are formed in the NE-SW-trending stress field. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.