Bayesian Statistics of Wide-Band Radar Reflections for Oil Spill Detection on Rough Ocean Surface

In this paper, we present a probabilistic approach which uses nadir-looking wide-band radar to detect oil spills on rough ocean surface. The proposed approach combines a single-layer scattering model with Bayesian statistics to evaluate the probability of detection of oil slicks, within a plausible range of thicknesses, on seawater. The difference between several derived detection algorithms is defined in terms of the number of frequencies used (within C-to-X-band ranges), as well as of the number of radar observations. Performance analysis of all three types of detectors (single-, dual- and tri-frequency) is done under different surface-roughness scenarios. Results show that the probability of detecting an oil slick with a given thickness is sensitive to the radar frequency. Multi-frequency detectors prove their ability to overcome the performance of the single- and dual-frequency detectors. Higher probability of detection is obtained when using multiple observations. The roughness of the ocean surface leads to a loss in the reflectivity values, and therefore decreases the performance of the detectors. A possible way to make use of the drone systems in the contingency planning is also presented.